{"id":3019,"date":"2025-10-01T13:40:00","date_gmt":"2025-10-01T13:40:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gtmtax.com\/?post_type=insight&#038;p=3019"},"modified":"2026-01-15T14:40:40","modified_gmt":"2026-01-15T14:40:40","slug":"whats-driving-transfer-pricing-scrutiny-and-how-companies-should-respond","status":"publish","type":"insight","link":"https:\/\/gtmtax.com\/insight\/whats-driving-transfer-pricing-scrutiny-and-how-companies-should-respond\/","title":{"rendered":"What\u2019s Driving Transfer Pricing Scrutiny \u2014 and How Companies Should Respond"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"sh-block--650331026\" class=\"sh-block-wrapper text-block \">\n\n\n\n<!-- text-block\/render.twig-->\n<div class=\"container\">\n    <div class=\"wysiwyg layout-1col\">\n        <p><em>On September 25, some of the world&#8217;s top tax professionals gathered for a day of thought leadership and discussion on the evolving complexities of international tax law. The one-day summit, FUSION 2025, featured panelists from three different continents and seven countries \u2014 covering topics such as Pillar 2 updates, the impact of global trade wars, and trends among auditors in various regions of the world.\u00a0 <\/em><\/p>\n<p>Below, we\u2019re sharing some insights from a panel discussion focused on transfer pricing (TP) trends in Europe and Asia. With transfer pricing in transition, here\u2019s what global businesses need to know about audit, restructuring, and other TP pressures. The panelists for this session were Florian Gimmler, a Partner at WTS Germany, and Martin Ng, a Managing Partner at WTS China.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Overview <\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Transfer pricing \u2014 once treated as a routine compliance exercise \u2014 is now rising to the top of the strategic agenda for many multinational corporations. As global tax rules tighten and economic headwinds loom, TP is no longer an afterthought. It\u2019s being put under a microscope by tax authorities.<\/p>\n<p>With the rise of global minimum tax regimes, BEPS 2.0, and shifting supply chains, companies that once used simple intercompany pricing models are being forced to restructure how they attribute value and allocate profits across jurisdictions.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Europe: From \u201cFish Markets\u201d to Forensic Audits<\/strong><\/h4>\n<h5><strong>Trend #1: Aggressive Tax Auditing <\/strong><\/h5>\n<p>Fifteen years ago, a German TP audit often looked like a simple \u201cfish market\u201d negotiation: Tax authorities would challenge one or two of that company\u2019s comparables, quibble over those items, and review their documentation. Ultimately, multinationals and German inspectors would usually land somewhere in the middle.<\/p>\n<p>That world is gone. In Europe, transfer pricing is currently under a lot more scrutiny. Tax officials not only comb through data to make their cases, but they also analyze a company\u2019s decision-making processes, business descriptions, and overall risk management.<\/p>\n<p>According to Florian Gimmler, transfer pricing today can look a lot like a thorough business-management review. \u201cAuthorities understand value chains to a very deep degree. They ask questions; they challenge price allocation,\u201d he says.<\/p>\n<p>German and other European tax authorities have fundamentally shifted how they examine transfer pricing:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"checklist\">\n<li>Less emphasis on contractual risk allocation<\/li>\n<li>Greater scrutiny of actual functions and decision-making within a company<\/li>\n<li>Deep dives into risk control, value chains, and IP exploitation<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Additionally, the use of specialized government task forces to conduct audits is on the rise, especially in sectors such as pharma, technology, and consumer goods.<\/p>\n<h5><strong>Trend #2: Shifting Burden of Proof + AI Tools<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p>Gimmler described a real-world scenario that recently unfolded in Germany: Inspectors entered into a case not with questions but with conclusions, arriving at the kickoff meeting backed by hundreds of thousands of data points pulled directly from taxpayers\u2019 ERP systems.<\/p>\n<p>In that case, the government inspector entered the kickoff meeting alone, downloaded 350,000 SAP records, identified margin deltas across markets, and proposed a \u20ac40M adjustment. With the help of bots and data crawlers, investigators are armed with more tools than ever before.<\/p>\n<p>Generally speaking, with authorities marshaling so much digital evidence, the burden falls on the taxpayers to disprove the tax authorities.<\/p>\n<h5><strong>Trend #3: Sophisticating Companies <\/strong><\/h5>\n<p>As tax authorities have assumed a more aggressive stance on auditing, companies are investing more in their TP planning and structures, and these investments vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"checklist\">\n<li>The more tax-efficient a local TP structure is, the greater the need for companies to invest in TP dispute prevention and to beef up their transfer pricing files.<\/li>\n<li>The more generous a TP structure is with the local territories, the less you have to spend on prevention.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><strong>Asia: Negotiations Make For a Very Different TP Mindset<\/strong><\/h4>\n<h5><strong>Trend #1: Soft Power Still Rules<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p>Despite not being an official OECD member, the Chinese government generally follows the body\u2019s international guidelines. However, most of the TP cases in China are never formally documented, typically being resolved with local authorities rather than sent up a chain of command.<\/p>\n<p>The result of these informal dynamics is a much different landscape than what exists in Europe. Technical documentation of TP compliance is less important than how a company negotiates its case. Ng notes that knowing \u201chow to work out a win-win situation, how to communicate, and how to educate authorities at the local level about transfer pricing\u201d is essential to a favorable outcome.<\/p>\n<h5><strong>Trend #2: APAs and MAP Remain Rare<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p>One reason negotiations remain king in TP disputes in China is that advanced pricing arrangements and mutual agreement procedures are rarely used. Ng shared that China approves fewer than 10 APAs per year, prioritizing only industry-leading taxpayers with large national footprints. MAP has improved, but remains slow and is used selectively.<\/p>\n<p>Without the routine use of these tools, audits originate differently in China compared to Europe. The three most common triggers are: companies that operate at a loss, companies with thin profit margins, and companies that fail to produce their TP documentation on time.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Restructuring Trends in Europe and Asia <\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>In Europe, more companies are moving intellectual property (IP) back to the U.S. While companies once sought to shift IP into low-tax European jurisdictions, today many are seeking the opposite: With U.S. tax incentives and BEAT considerations at play, inbound IP transfers are increasingly attractive.<\/p>\n<p>However, Europe\u2019s IP transfer rules can trigger significant exit taxation, especially in Germany. If taxpayers cannot substantiate \u201cother realistic options available\u201d \u2014 a key OECD concept \u2014 authorities may impose substantial exit charges.<\/p>\n<p>In China, restructuring is uniquely challenging because the government\u2019s foreign exchange regulation and practical administrative behavior do not always align. Business restructuring in China is complicated by a number of exchange rules:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"checklist\">\n<li>China is one of the few major economies with strict foreign exchange (FX) controls, which loom over every restructuring. FX rules dictate which payment types are allowed, which documentation is required, and how funds must flow.<\/li>\n<li>Offsetting intercompany payables and receivables \u2014 common elsewhere \u2014 is prohibited and penalized in China.<\/li>\n<li>Cross-border cash pooling requires multi-party approval from domestic and foreign banks and regulators.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>One of the most critical practical differences in China compared to other jurisdictions is that restructurings cannot be treated as a single integrated transaction. Even if a multinational views the restructuring as a single global package \u2014 for example, shifting functions, assets, people, and contracts \u2014 Chinese tax authorities require each component to be analyzed and priced separately.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>How GTM Can Help <\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>There are many moving parts in this new international tax and trade landscape. At GTM, we offer a range of tax solutions and industry-leading expertise. Our team is available to walk clients through policy shifts, technology and automation solutions, and tax filings on your behalf or through a collaborative structure.<\/p>\n<p>Learn more about the tax solutions we\u2019ve brought to clients <a href=\"https:\/\/gtmtax.com\/clients-industries\/\">here<\/a>. Reach out to GTM today to discuss how to prepare effectively for your tax future.<\/p>\n\n    <\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false},"class_list":["post-3019","insight","type-insight","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>What\u2019s Driving Transfer Pricing Scrutiny \u2014 and How Companies Should Respond - GTM Tax<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/gtmtax.com\/insight\/whats-driving-transfer-pricing-scrutiny-and-how-companies-should-respond\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"What\u2019s Driving Transfer Pricing Scrutiny \u2014 and How Companies Should Respond - 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